 |
Announcements Meeting Notes Membership News Sponsors Linux Links |
|
 |
||
|
introduction bash commands filesystems software installation resources  |
|
 |
||
Linux/Unix Commands
File Commands
| chown | change file owner and group | |
| chgrp | change group ownership | |
| chmod | change file access permissions | |
| rm | remove files or directories | |
| rmdir | remove empty directories | |
| mv | move (rename) files | |
| find | search for files in a directory hierarchy | |
| cd | Change working directory | |
| mkdir | make directories |
Text Processing/Parsing Commands
| cat | concatenate files and print on the standard output | |
| more | file perusal filter for crt viewing | |
| less | opposite of more | |
| head | output the first part of files | |
| tail | output the last part of files | |
| sort | sort lines of text files | |
| cut | remove sections from each line of files | |
| uniq | remove duplicate lines from a sorted file | |
| grep, egrep, fgrep | print lines matching a pattern | |
| sed | a Stream EDitor | |
| awk | pattern scanning and processing language | |
| tr | translate or delete characters | |
| vi | screen-oriented (visual) display editor | |
| wc | print the number of bytes, words, and lines in files |
Archive Commands
| tar | The GNU version of the tar archiving utility | |
| cpio | copy files to and from archives | |
| gzip, gunzip, zcat | compress or expand files | |
| bzip2, bunzip2 | a block-sorting file compressor, v0.9.5 | |
| rpm | Red Hat Package Manager |
Network Commands
| ping | send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts | |
| traceroute | print the route packets take to network host | |
| nslookup | query Internet name servers interactively | |
| netstat | Display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, netlink messages, and multicast memberships |
Programming Commands
| gcc, g++ | GNU project C and C++ Compiler (egcs-1.1.2) | |
| perl | Practical Extraction and Report Language | |
| make | GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs | |
| rcs | change RCS file attributes |
Binary Commands
| file | determine file type | |
| strip | Discard symbols from object files. | |
| strings | print the strings of printable characters in files | |
| od | dump files in octal and other formats | |
| strace | trace system calls and signals |
Examples
Remove a file with a leading '-' character
[user@host user]$ rm -- -file
Remove the '\r' (carriage return) from DOS files
[user@host user]$ cat file | tr -d '\015' > file.$$ && mv -i file.$$ file
How to find 'text' in a group of files
[user@host user]$ find . -exec grep text {} \; -print 2>/dev/null
Find files with an executable bit set
[user@host user]$ find . -perm +111 ! -type d -print 2>/dev/null
Find files modified in the last two minutes on a single filesystem
[user@host user]$ find . -xdev -mmin -2 -print
Compute the amount of disk space used and order from greatest to least
[user@host user]$ du -sk * | sort -rn
Search for lines beginning with 'open' and containing either bash, login or profile
[user@host user]$ cat file | grep ^open | egrep '(bash|login|profile)'
Determine how many unique shells are used in /etc/passwd file
[user@host user]$ cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f 7 | sort | uniq
[user@host user]$ cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $7}' | sort | uniq
Create an archive
[user@host user]$ tar cf directory.tar directory | gzip -9 > directory.tar.gz
[user@host user]$ tar czf directory.tar.gz directory
List an archive's table of contents
[user@host user]$ gzip -dc directory.tar.gz | tar tf -
[user@host user]$ tar tzf directory.tar.gz
Extract an archive
[user@host user]$ gzip -dc directory.tar.gz | tar xvf -
[user@host user]$ tar xzvf directory.tar.gz
Move a directory from one filesystem to another
[user@host user]$ tar cf - directory | ( cd /filesystem2 ; tar xvpf - )
List the kernel routing table
[user@host user]$ netstat -rn
Determine somefile's file type
[user@host user]$ file somefile
Trace program's system calls and signals capturing all output in program.out
[user@host user]$ strace program &> program.out
Get the ASCII character or backslash escape characters of file
[user@host user]$ od -t c file
Hard reset the terminal (for when you accidentally cat a binary file)
[user@host user]$ echo ^O # type Ctl-v Ctl-o
Last updated