The bash & tcsh shells

URL's

• bash features
• tcsh man page
• shell differences

The tcsh shell

Setting the Prompt

Shell Variables

set autolist, unset autolist

Lists possibilities on ambiguous tabs.

set correct=[all|cmd], unset correct

Spell check just commands [cmd] or [all].

set autologout=x, unset autologout

Exit shell if idle x minutes.

set tperiod=x, unset tperiod

set periodic <command>, unset periodic

Run command every tperiod minutes. tperiod=0 degenerates to precmd.

set history=x, set savehist=x

Set number of commands to save in history and in .history

sched [+]hh:mm <command>

Schedule a command to run at a predetermined time. sched by itself lists scheduled commands. sched -# deletes a scheduled command.
% sched 11:00 echo It\'s eleven o\'clock.
% sched +2:15 /usr/lib/uucp/uucico -r1 -sother
% sched 5pm set prompt='[%h] It\'s after 5; go home: >'
% sched +3am echo This syntax doesn\'t work.
Relative time inconsistent with am/pm.

set watch=([x] user tty ), unset watch

Watch user logins on determined devices. Optional time argument may precede user. Watch does not report 'su' activity.
% set watch=('ma*' console )
% set watch=( root any )
% set watch=( 10 any any )
code has logged on tty1 from local.
root has logged on tty2 from local.
matthew has logged on ttyp0 from mcfmwf.

alias precmd <command>, unalias precmd

Execute a command prior to each user command
% alias precmd date

alias beepcmd, unalias beepcmd

Execute a command every time the terminal bell is rung.
% alias beepcmd 'cat /usr/local/lib/xboing2.2/sounds/youagod.au > /dev/audio'

Command Line Interaction

bindkey

List keyboard mappings
% bindkey
Bind emacs-style editting
% bindkey -e
Bind vi-style editting
% bindkey -v

Character Expansion

tab completion (filenames, directories, environmental variables)
Control-D listing (list file names available, ~Ctrl-D lists users)
~ user name expansion, ~/ expands to users directory

History

Navigation: (arrow keys ), (Ctrl-P Ctrl-N) and (j k).

!!	Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for '!-1'.
!n	Refer to command line n.
!-n	Refer to the current command line minus n.
!string	Refer to the most recent command starting with string.
!?string[?]	Refer to the most recent command containing string.
^string1^string2^	Quick substitution replacing string1 with string2 in the last command.

% mv foo bar!#:1
mv foo barfoo
history -[cLS] clear, Load and Save.

Moving Around

Go to the last directory
% cd -
Push (pushd) or Pop (popd) a directory from the stack.
dirs -[cvLS] clear, verbose, Load and Save the directory stack.

Miscellaneous

Which command or alias will be executed.
% which
Reread file names for expansion and search path.
% rehash
Exit status of previous command.
% echo $status
Conditional chaining of commands with && and ||.
% l /xxx &> /dev/null || echo did not work
Using command output as input to another command.
% rm -f `find . -name \*.o -print`
% set var = `date`; echo $var
Job control with jobs, bg, fg, etc...

Test Expressions

My Personal .tcshrc

set prompt='%! %T%/> '
set prompt3='CORRECT> %R (y|n|e) '
set correct=all
set path = ( . $HOME $HOME/bin $HOME/scripts /etc /bin /usr/bin \
             /usr/X11/bin /usr/local/bin /usr/local/X11/bin     \
             /usr/openwin/bin $HOME/stat/istat/bin )

setenv LESS -CeM
setenv PAGER 'exec /usr/bin/less -CeM'

# set history and save history values
set history=50 savehist=20
# Bind vi style command line editing
bindkey -v

# If this is a login prompt do this stuff
if($?prompt) then
set prompt="%! %T%/> "
if($term == "xterm" || $term == "color_xterm") then
alias cwdcmd '/bin/echo -n "^[]2;${HOST}:$cwd^G"'
endif
endif

alias l      '/bin/ls $LS_OPTIONS -lF'
alias h      'history'
alias cc     '/usr/bin/gcc -Wall -ansi -pedantic -fwritable-strings \!*'
alias cl     '/usr/bin/gcc -o `basename \!* .c` \!* -lcurses'
alias cx     '/usr/bin/gcc -o `basename \!* .c` \!* -lX11'
alias cxt    '/usr/bin/gcc -o `basename \!* .c` \!* -lXaw -lXmu -lXt -lXext -lX11'
alias cxm    '/usr/bin/gcc -o `basename \!* .c` \!* -lXm -lXmu -lXt -lXext -lX11'
alias man    '/usr/bin/man -a \!*'
alias md     'mkdir \!*'
alias m      'less \!*'
alias manf   '/usr/bin/groff -Tascii -mandoc \!* | less'
alias fs     '/usr/bin/grep \!* *.[ch] | /bin/more'
alias bc     '/usr/bin/bc -l'
alias pview  'latex \!* && xdvi `basename \!* .tex`.dvi'

The bash shell

Setting the Prompt

Shell Variables

SHLVL

Incremented by one each time an instance of bash is started.

IFS

Internal Field Seperator. Variable that is used for splitting lines into words with the builtin read command.

MAIL, MAILCHECK

MAIL determines the location of a mail file to be checked every MAILCHECK seconds.

HISTSIZE, HISTFILESIZE

The maximum number of lines for the active and file history.

HOSTFILE

A file of the same format as /etc/hosts that is appended to the contents of the host database on the next hostname completion.

Command Line Interaction

Character Expansion

Tab completion (filenames, directories, environmental variables).
Pressing tab twice for ambiguous expansions lists options.
~ user name expansion, ~/ expands to users directory

History

Navigation: (arrow keys ), (Ctrl-P Ctrl-N) and (j k).

!!	Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for '!-1'.
!n	Refer to command line n.
!-n	Refer to the current command line minus n.
!string	Refer to the most recent command starting with string.
!?string[?]	Refer to the most recent command containing string.
^string1^string2^	Quick substitution replacing string1 with string2 in the last command.
!#	The entire command line so far.

Moving Around

Go to the last directory
$ cd -
Push (pushd) or Pop (popd) a directory from the stack.
dirs [+/-n] + shows entries from the left, - shows entries from the right.

Redirection

Standard out
$ ls > dirlist
Standard error
$ ls > dirlist 2> errorlog
Both to same place
$ ls > dirlist 2>&1 or $ ls &> dirlist

Miscellaneous

Which command or alias will be executed.
$ type <command>
Reread path and executable databases.
$ source .profile or . .profile
Exit status of previous command.
$ echo $?
Process id of the current shell.
$ echo $$
Conditional chaining of commands with && and ||.
$ l /xxx &> /dev/null || echo did not work
Using command output as input to another command.
$ chmod 644 `ls *.html`
$ VAR=`date '+%d %b %Y'`; echo $VAR
Job control with jobs, fg, bg, etc...

Test Expressions

My Personal .profile

PS1="\! \t\w> "
PATH=".:$HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/scripts"

export LESS=-CeM
export PAGER="/usr/bin/less -CeM"
export HISTFILESIZE=100
export HOSTFILE="$HOME/ect/hosts"

#bind vi style editting
set -o vi

alias l='ls -alF'
alias xtitle='/bin/echo -n "^[]2;$PWD^G"'
alias h='history'

if [ "$TERM" = "xterm" ]
then
  cd()
  {
    builtin cd ${1+"$@"} && xtitle
  }
fi